Lives of Merchant Capital: The Frères Monneron and the Legacy …
WEBJul 3, 2020 · In the 1780s, merchants oriented their capital away from an increasingly saturated Antillean plantation complex, while diplomats and administrators reformed their policies in the face of British hegemony.
History of the Netherlands - The 18th century | Britannica
WEBHistory of the Netherlands - The 18th century: Once the Dutch fleet had declined, Dutch mercantile interests became largely dependent on English goodwill, yet the rulers were more concerned with reducing the monumental debt that weighed heavily upon the country.
The Netherlands and the American Revolution
WEBThe American Revolution placed the Dutch Republic in a precarious position. Dutch merchants maintained decades-long relationships with American colleagues and sent war material as early as 1774.
Fourth Anglo-Dutch War - Wikipedia
WEBFor their return cargo, the Americans purchased arms, munitions, and naval stores brought to the island by Dutch and French merchants. In 1776 the governor of the island, Johannes de Graeff, was the first to salute the flag of the United States, leading to growing British suspicions of the Dutch.
Netherlands - Enlightenment, Trade, Reforms | Britannica
WEB1 day ago · Finally, open hostilities erupted in the fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–84). The Dutch navy, sorely neglected for more than a half century, was utterly unprepared to battle the powerful British fleet, and the Dutch fleet’s attempts to convoy their merchantmen brought only disaster. The onus of defeat fell upon the stadtholder.
WEB1777 was owed to Dutch banks. < 6> Thus, Dutch investors helped finance the phenomenal growth of Britain and France that steadily drove Dutch commerce into penury. Naturally enough, the regents and big bankers with much accumulated capital prospered in this market, while the small bankers, merchants, and industrialists (the
History of the Netherlands - Wikipedia
WEBThe economy, based on Amsterdam's role as the center of world trade, was strong in the 17th century. In 1670 the Dutch merchant marine totalled 568,000 tons of shipping—about half the European total. [91] The province of Holland …
WEBcolonial trade was multiplied by 10 between the early 1720s and the late 1780s). By the mid of the 17th century, merchants from Holland still dominated a large part of the West Indian trade. As Wim Klooster put it, “The Dutch even managed to gain mercantile supremacy, albeit short-lived, in […]
Britain, France and the Netherlands, 1785–1815 | SpringerLink
WEBApr 5, 2017 · Desirous of preventing Dutch commerce with France and America, and fearful of the Netherlands joining the Russian-led League of Armed Neutrality, Britain declared war in December 1780. 22 The war of 1780–4, sometimes called the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, was largely disastrous for the Netherlands.
What Did Merchants Do? Reflections on British Overseas Trade, …
WEBMar 3, 2009 · The relative dynamism of English and Scottish foreign trade from 1675 to 1775 can largely be explained by the interrelated phenomena of the growing domestic demand for American and Asian consumer goods and North European raw materials; the growing market in northern and western Europe for re-exports of American and Asian consumables; and the ...