Atlanta is a town in Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. The population was 725 at the 2010 census. Atlanta had its start by the merger of the three neighboring rival towns of Spargerville, Shielville, and Buena Vista. The earliest part of what is now Atlanta was laid out in 1834, and the town has been called Atlanta since 1885. Th…Atlanta is a town in Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. The population was 725 at the 2010 census. Atlanta had its start by the merger of the three neighboring rival towns of Spargerville, Shielville, and Buena Vista. The earliest part of what is now Atlanta was laid out in 1834, and the town has been called Atlanta since 1885. The town most likely was named after Atlanta, Georgia.