The James Webb telescope has spotted three gigantic "red monster" galaxies that were spawned soon after the Big Bang. They're so large they could rewrite the laws of galactic evolution.

For a long time, astronomers believed galaxy formation followed a very specific model: cosmic gas collects in clumps, stars are born from those clumps, and, over billions of years, stellar neighborhoods gradually increase in size. However, the James Webb Space Telescope, launched in December 2021, has disrupted that model.