Beta is a statistical measure used by stock analysts to factor the risk of a certain stock in terms of valuation. It determines the volatility of a stock within the market at the current point in time ...

Investors understand intuitively that some stocks are riskier than others. The capital asset pricing model attempts to quantify the common perception of risk using a term called beta. By understanding ...

The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is a popular, and often remarkably simple, method for maximum likelihood estimation in incomplete-data problems. One criticism of EM in practice is that ...