A fundamental property of any electronic or electrical circuit is that the voltages present within it are referenced to a common point, conventionally called the ground. This term is derived from ...

There is one class of signals we have not yet covered, and that is those signals which pass within the unit from one board to another. Typically these are digital control signals or analog levels ...

Picking up where we left off in Part 1, we need to explore some methods to mitigate problems caused by unpredictable ground currents.

DESIGN VIEW is the summary of the complete DESIGN SOLUTION contributed article, which begins on Page 2. There are many ways, and just as many opinions on the best method, to configure grounds for ADCs ...

Grounding of electrical systems is an often forgotten yet important design consideration. Issues with proper grounding can be complicated, confusing, and downright frustrating to solve. So much so ...

Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...