Many-valued logic generalises classical binary logic by permitting a spectrum of truth values rather than a strict dichotomy. This extended framework enables a more nuanced treatment of uncertainty, ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract This paper: (1) gives a schema of the logical structure of functional explanation in biology; (2) shows that it falls under the covering law ...

Synthese spans the topics of Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Coverage includes the theory of knowledge; general methodological problems of science, of induction and probability, ...

Sign languages can help reveal hidden aspects of the logical structure of spoken language, but they also highlight its limitations because speech lacks the rich iconic resources that sign language ...

Math as both profession and course of study can be a hard sell, something even Don Draper might have trouble pitching. The field unites numbers, theories, and ideas that, yes, can be physically ...

This is an excerpt of a piece written by former NPR editor Jonathan Kern. It has been lightly edited. One of the under-appreciated challenges in putting a radio report together is ensuring that the ...

Some people are really good at logical reasoning. They quickly recognize that a particular argument is well-structured and that one point follows clearly from the next. Other people seem more strongly ...