THE BEGINNING – 4.5 BILLION YEARS AGO On Mars, this stage is called the Pre Noachian era. Mars had just formed from dust and ...

A large protocluster of galaxies that existed 12.6 billion years ago, first discovered with the Subaru Telescope, has been examined in detail using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The study ...

In the Pilbara of Western Australia, some of Earth’s oldest rocks lie beneath the sky, as they have for billions of years. They are dark, weathered volcanic rocks, close to 3.5 billion years old, cut ...