Real-time feedback: Formative assessments like quick questions or entrance tickets give teachers instant insight into student understanding, allowing lessons to be adjusted on the spot. Measuring ...

This chapter discusses the relationships between formative and summative assessments—both in the classroom and externally. In addition to teachers, site-and district-level administrators and decision ...

Students often draw upon a diverse set of prior understanding and experiences when attempting to explain phenomena. Formative assessment allows teachers to better understand students’ alternative ...

Summative assessments gauge student achievement after the completion of learning activities. While many of these are common such as exams, projects and essays, there are a larger variety of ways to ...

Evidence is gathered about student achievement or understanding. The information allows the instructor or learner to alter future instructional steps. It is done to improve learning outcomes (Black & ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Airasian, P. W. ( 1991). Classroom assessment. New York: McGraw Hill. American ...