X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is based on the same principle as all photoelectron spectroscopy methods. If a molecule or material is irradiated with light of a known energy above the ionization ...

While there are a number of techniques available for profiling surface structures, like scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the advantage Auger spectroscopy has for ...

Virtually every scientific field has made strides by harnessing light to study the properties of substances. This technique, called spectroscopy, has countless research applications, and innovations ...

Elemental spectroscopy is a method employed to examine in-service fluid samples such as engine oil or hydraulic fluid, to determine the presence and quantity of different substances. This approach ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy, known as NIR spectroscopy or NIRS, is a long-established analytical technique. For over 30 years, it has proven to be a fast and reliable method for measuring chemical and ...

Bio-monitoring refers to tracking changes in biological molecules or reactions over time. When using miniaturized flow systems, the ability to monitor concentrations within microchannels is essential ...